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Potassium Cyanide – Introduction and Its Uses

KCN is a chemical formula of a compound, named Potassium Cyanide. It is a colorless crystalline salt almost identical to sugar, which highly soluble in water. Potassium cyanide are mostly used in organic synthesis , gold mining and electroplating. Small scale application incorporate jewelry for chemical cover with gold and polish.

Potassium cyanide is extremely destructive in nature.  Due to hydrolysis process the slightly moist solid releases small amount of hydrogen cyanide, which smells like a bitter almonds. It is pungent in taste. It can be prepared by treating hydrogen cyanide with potassium hydroxide aqueous solution, accompany by evaporation of the solution in a vacuum or by treating formamide with potassium hydroxide.


Potassium Cyanide Uses - 

  • It is used in the production of nitriles and carboxylic acids specially in Von Richter reaction.

  • Use for the synthesis process of Hydantoins, which acts as a synthetic internediates when reacted with aldehyde or ketone.

  • Used in Collodian process as a photographic fixer in the wet plate.

  • Used in fumigation and as an insecticide.


Potassium cyanide mixed with silver but developer doesn't made it insoluble. This will release and maintain image, creating it no longer responsive to light. Today's wet plate photographers choose less toxic fixers like sodium thiosulfate but KCN is still used. It break down slowly in air and rapidly when heating to evolve hydrogen cyanide gas. Potassium cyanide crystals are place in dry and acid free conditions.

If a person eat up potassium cyanide even in small quantity, it act as a fast process. Exposure to solid potassium cyanide is also dangerous as it steadily releases toxic hydrogen gas in air which is poisonous in inhalation. It might be available in industrial effluents and a strong cause of cyanide poisoning.

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